This course gives an historical overview of events in Turkish politics since the declaration of the Republic. Various views on the birth of the Republic, the establishment of the mono-party rule, transition to multi-party politics, the 1960 military intervention, the radicalization of politics after 1960, the 1980 military intervention and the decade of Özal will be studied. Students are expected to concentrate on a particular period or a theme within the field and write a well-grounded research project.
The seminar is organized around a variety of topics that will be discussed each week. Beginning with the search for identity, we shall move onto a discussion of topics/principles that laid the ideological, political, social, and economic foundations of the Republic. These principles were contested by factions within the single party, and were then contested by political parties in the multi-party period after 1945. The contest to interpret these ideas continues to the present day.
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Course Learning Outcomes
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Learning Outcomes |
Program Learning Outcomes |
Teaching Methods |
Assessment Methods |
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Demonstrate an understanding of the central themes of nation-building, political Islam, political parties, voting behavior, rise of bourgeoisie, civil-military relations, civil society, and impact of globalization in Turkish politics. |
1, 2, 3 |
1, 2, 3 |
A, B |
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Discuss the rise of major debates and traditions in the study of Turkish politics. |
1, 2, 3 |
1, 2, 3 |
A, B |
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Compare issues in Turkish politics and history with that of other systems and societies. |
1, 2, 3 |
1, 2, 3 |
A, B |
Course Flow
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Week |
Topics |
Study Materials |
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1 |
Introduction |
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2 |
Construction of Turkish Nation and Identity |
Lewis, Bernard (1968) ‘The Sources of Turkish Civilization’ in The Emergence of Modern Turkey (2nd ed.) (New York: Oxford University Press), 1-17. Ahmad, Feroz (1993) ‘From Empire to Nation 1908-1923’(Chapter 3) in The Making of Modern Turkey (New York: Routledge), 31-51. Kahraman, Hasan Bülent (2005) ‘Cultural and Historical Origins of Turkish Citizenship’ in Keyman and İçduygu (eds.) Citizenship and Identity in a Globalizing World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences (London: Routledge). Kushner, David (1997) “Self Perception and Identity in Contemporary Turkey” Journal of Contemporary History, 32 (2): 219-233.
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3 |
Six Arrows of Kemalism |
Required Readings: Zürcher, Erik (1994) ‘The Emergence of the One-Party State, 1923-7’ in Turkey: A Modern History (New York: Tauris), 173-183. Ahmad, Feroz (1993) ‘The New Turkey: Politics (1923-1945)’(Chapter 4) in The Making of Modern Turkey (New York: Routledge), 52-72. Özbudun, Ergun (1981) ‘The Nature of Kemalist Political Regime’, in A. Kazancıgil and E. Özbudun (eds.) Atatürk: Founder of a Modern State, (London: C. Hurst & Company), 79-102. Öztürkmen, Arzu (1994) “The Role of People’s Houses in the Making of National Culture in Turkey” New Perspectives on Turkey, 11: 159-181. Owen, Roger and Pamuk, Şevket (1998) ‘Turkey 1918-1945’ in A History of Middle Eastern Economies in the 20th Century (New York: Tauris), 10-29. Berkes, Niyazi (1964) ‘Part 3’ in The Development of Secularism in Turkey (Montreal: McGill University Press), 461-478. Recommended Readings: Davison, Andrew (2003) “Turkey, A Secular State?: The Challenge of Description”, South Atlantic Quarterly, 102 (2/3): 333-350. Earle, Edward Mead (1925) “The New Constitution of Turkey”, Political Science Quaterly, 40 (1): 73-100. Brockett, Gavin D (1998) “Collective Action and the Turkish Revolution: Towards a Framework for the Social History of the Ataturk Era, 1923-38”, Middle Eastern Studies, 34 (4): 44-66 Karpat, Kemal H. (1974) “The Impact of People’s Houses on the Development of Communication in Turkey: 1931-1951, Die Welt des Islams, New Ser. 15 (1/4): 69-84. |
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4 |
Rise of Turkish Bourgeoisie |
Required Readings: Ahmad, Feroz (1980), "Vanguard of a Nascent Bourgeoisie: The Social and Owen, Roger and Pamuk, Şevket (1998) ‘Turkey 1946-1990’ in A History of Middle Eastern Economies in the 20th Century (New York: Tauris), 104-125. Ahmad, Feroz (1980) “The Political Power of the Turkish Bourgeoisie Has Been Increasing with Every Decade”, MERIP Reports, 84: 19-22. ____________(1998) “The Development of Capitalism in Turkey” Journal of Third World Studies 15 (2): 137-144. Buğra, Ayse (1994) ‘Political and Institutional Context of Business Activity in Turkey’ in Oncü et al. (eds.) Developmentalism and Beyond, Society and Politics in Egypt and Turkey (Cairo: The American University Press), 233-255. Yalman, Galip (2002) The Turkish State and Bourgeoisie in Historical Perspective: A Relativist Paradigm or A Panoply of Hegemonic Strategies? in The Politics of Permanent Crisis: Class, Ideology and State (New York: Nova Publishers). Chibber, Vivek (2005) ‘Reviving the Developmental State: The Myth of National Bourgeoisie’, Socialist Register, Online available http://sociology.fas.nyu.edu/docs/IO/225/reviving.pdf (Dec. 30th 2005) |
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5 |
Civil-Military Relations in Turkey |
Required Readings: Narli, N. (2000) “Civil-military relations in Turkey” Turkish studies, 1 (1), 107-127. Karpat, Kemal H. (1970) "The Military and Politics in Turkey, 1960-64: A Socio-Cultural Analysis of a Revolution," American Historical Review, 75 (6): 1654-83. Tachau, Frank, and Metin Heper (1983) "The State, Politics, and the Military in Turkey," Comparative Politics, 16 (1): 17-33. Turan, Ilter (1997) “The military in Turkish politics” Mediterranean Politics, 2 (2), 123-135. Ahmad, Feroz (1981) “Military Intervention and the Crisis in Turkey” MERIP Reports, 93, Turkey: The Generals Take Over: 5-24. Sakallıoğlu, Umit Cizre (1997) “The Anatomy of the Turkish Military’s Political Autonomy, Comparative Politics, 29 (2): 151-166. Güney, A., & Karatekelioglu, P. (2005) “Turkey's EU candidacy and civil-military relations: Challenges and prospects”, Armed forces and society, 31 (3): 439-462. Aydınlı, E., Özcan, N. A., D. Akyaz (2006) “The Turkish Military’s March toward Europe,” Foreign Affairs, January/February.
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6 |
Political Islam |
Required Readings: Mardin, S. (1977) “Religion in modern Turkey” International Social Science Journal, 29 (2): 279-297. Nasr, V. (2004) “Islamic political identity in Turkey” Perspectives on Politics, 2 (3): 626-627. Yavuz, M. H. (1997) “Political Islam and the Welfare (Refah) Party in Turkey”, Comparative Politics, 30: 63-82. Onis, Ziya (1997) “The Political Economy of Islamic Resurgence in Turkey: The Rise of Welfare Party in Perspective”, Third World Quarterly, 18 (4): 743-766. Gole, Nilufer (1997) “The Quest for the Islamic Self within the Context of Modernity” in Bozdoğan and Kasaba (eds.) Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press), 81-94. Berkes, Niyazi (1964) The Development of Secularism in Turkey (Montreal: McGill University Press), 471-500. |
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7 |
Mid-Term |
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8 |
State and Civil Society in Turkey |
Required Readings: Mardin, Serif (1973) “Center-Periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics”, Daedalus, 102: 169-190. Mardin, Serif (1995) ‘Islam and Civil Society’ in Hall (ed.) Civil Society: Theory, History, Comparison (Cambridge: Polity Press). Heper, Metin (1992) ‘The Strong State and Democracy: The Turkish Case in Comparative and Historical Perspective’ in Eisenstadt (ed.) Democracy and Modernity (Leiden: Brill), 142-164. Göle N. (1994) ‘Toward an Autonomization of Politics and Civil Society in Turkey’ in Heper and Evin (eds.) Politics in Third Turkish Republic (Boulder: Westview Press), 213-222. Karaman L. and B. Aras (2000) “The Crisis of Civil Society in Turkey” Journal of Social and Economic Research, 2 (2): 39-58. (Online available, Dec 30, 2005 http://jesr.journal.fatih.edu.tr/TheCrisisofCivilSocietyinTurkey.pdf) Turam, B. (2004) “The politics of engagement between Islam and the secular state: Ambivalences of 'civil society'” The British journal of sociology, 55 (2): 259-281. |
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9 |
Globalization and its Impacts on Turkey (1980s and After) |
Required Readings: Ahmad, Feroz (1993) ‘Military Intervention and Political and Economic Restructuring (1980-1991)’(Chapter 9) in The Making of Modern Turkey (New York: Routledge), 181-213. Cizre, U., & Yeldan, E. (2005) “The Turkish encounter with neo-liberalism: Economics and politics in the 2000/2001 crises”, Review of International Political Economy: RIPE, 12 (3): 387. Keyder, Çağlar (2004) “The Turkish Bell Jar” New Left Review, 28: 65-84. Öniş, Ziya (2004) “Turgut Özal and his Economic Legacy: Turkish Neo-Liberalism in Critical Perspective” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (4): 113-134. Buğra, Ayşe (2003) “The Place of Economy in Turkish Society” The South Atlantic Quarterly 102 (2/3): 453-470. Yesilada, Birol Ali (1988) “Problems of Political Development in the Third Turkish Republic”, Polity, 21 (2): 345-372. |
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10 |
Political Parties in Turkey |
Required Readings: Kınıkoğlu Suat (2002) ‘The Democratic Left Party: Kapıkulu Politics par excellence,’ in Heper and Rubin (eds.) Political Parties in Turkey (Frank Cass), 4-25. Alev Çınar and Burak Arıkan (2002) ‘Nationalist Action Party: Representing the State, the Nation or the Nationalists?’ in Heper and Rubin (eds.) Political Parties in Turkey (Frank Cass), 25-41. Ersin Kalaycıoğlu (2002) ‘The Motherland Party: The Challenge of Institutionalization in a Charismatic Leader Party,’ in Heper and Rubin (eds.) Political Parties in Turkey (Frank Cass), 41-62. Birol Yeşilada (2002) ‘The Virtue Party’ in Heper and Rubin (eds.) Political Parties in Turkey (Frank Cass), 62-82. Ümit Cizre (2002) ‘Life and Times of True Path Party,’ in Heper and Rubin (eds.) Political Parties in Turkey (Frank Cass), 82-102.
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11 |
Party System and Voting Behavior |
Required Readings: Sayarı, Sabri (2002) ‘The Changing Party System’ in S. and Y. Esmer (eds.) Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Pub.) Tachau, Frank (2002) ‘An Overview of Electoral Behaviour: Toward Protest or Consolidation of Democracy?’ in S. and Y. Esmer (eds.) Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Pub.) Esmer, Yılmaz (2002) ‘At the Ballot Box: Determinants of Voting Behavior’ in S. and Y. Esmer (eds.) Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Pub.) Ayata, A. and S. Ayata (2002) ‘Ethnic and Religious Bases of Voting’ in S. and Y. Esmer (eds.) Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Pub.) Kalaycıoğlu, E. (1994) "Elections and Party Preferences in Turkey: Changes and Continuities in the 1990s," Comparative Political Studies, 27 (3): 402-424; |
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12 |
Student Presentations |
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13 |
Student Presentations |
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14 |
Student Presentations |
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15 |
Conclusions |
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Recommended Sources
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RECOMMENDED SOURCES |
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Textbook |
Feroz Ahmad, The Making of Modern Turkey (London and New York: Routledge, 1993) |
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Additional Resources |
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Material Sharing
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Documents |
Required readings and documents can be found both in the Reserve section of the library and in the bookstore. |
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Assignments |
Handouts explaining the assignments will be given in class. |
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Exams |
Exams will be given in class. |
Assessment
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IN-TERM STUDIES |
NUMBER |
PERCENTAGE |
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Mid-terms |
1 |
40 |
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Final |
1 |
60 |
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Total |
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100 |
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CONTRIBUTION OF FINAL EXAMINATION TO OVERALL GRADE |
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60 |
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CONTRIBUTION OF IN-TERM STUDIES TO OVERALL GRADE |
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40 |
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Total |
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100 |
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COURSE CATEGORY |
Compulsory Courses |
Course’s Contribution to Program
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COURSE'S CONTRIBUTION TO PROGRAM |
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No |
Program Learning Outcomes |
Contribution |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
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1 |
Students will demonstrate their comprehensive knowledge of the basic concepts and theories of Political Science and International Relations as well as other related disciplines such as Law, Economics and Sociology. |
X |
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2 |
Students will interpret the structure, institutions and operation of national, international and supranational entities via utilization of the concepts and theories of Political Science and International relations and produce project reports that include possible solutions to problems of such institutions when necessary. |
X |
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3 |
Students will demonstrate that they have developed a comparative, analytical and interdisciplinary approach vis-à-vis human societies and political systems. |
X |
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4 |
Students will have improved their skills and awareness of personal responsibility and team membership through conducting group or independent research projects, doing internships and producing their graduation dissertations. |
X |
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5 |
Students will demonsrate proficiency in quantitative and qualitative data collections methods. |
X |
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6 |
Students will prove their understanding of the rapidly-evolving dynamics of national and global environments requires constant self-assessment, life-long learning, and the ability to formulate innovative solutions to maintain their personal and professional development. |
X |
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7 |
Students should be able to critically evaluate the body of knowledge in political science, assess self-competency and direct self-learning efforts accordingly. |
X |
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8 |
Students will implement written and oral communication skills in English and Turkish in both academic and professional settings. |
X |
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9 |
Students should be able to effectively demonstrate their knowledge of written, oral and reading skills in English both in international institutional settings and follow and interpret the global dynamics of the International Relations discipline. |
X |
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10 |
Students will demonstrate their social skills and experience required by public or private institutions or in the academia. |
X |
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11 |
Students will show empathy and respect towards societies other than one’s own. |
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X |
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12 |
Students should be able to effectively utilize computer and information technologies commonly-used in the social sciences. |
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13 |
Students will interpret domestic and international developments and express opinions, having acquired advanced knowledge and proficiency in the via communication with international scholars and students. |
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X |
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14 |
Students will respect personal, social and academic ethical norms. |
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X |
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15 |
Students should understand the personal, social, and ecological dimensions of social responsibility, and show duties of active and global citizenship. |
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X |
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16 |
Students should know that universality of social-political and legal rights and social justice are the principle components of contemporary society, and that scientific thinking is an essential prerequisite for maintaining social advancement and global competitiveness. |
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X |
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ECTS
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ECTS ALLOCATED BASED ON STUDENT WORKLOAD BY THE COURSE DESCRIPTION |
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Activities |
Quantity |
Duration |
Total |
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Course Duration (Including the exam week: 16x Total course hours) |
16 |
3 |
48 |
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Hours for off-the-classroom study (Pre-study, practice) |
16 |
4 |
64 |
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Mid-terms |
1 |
15 |
15 |
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Homework |
2 |
14 |
28 |
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Final examination |
1 |
20 |
20 |
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Total Work Load |
175 |
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Total Work Load / 25 (h) |
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7 |
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ECTS Credit of the Course |
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7 |